A dual GIP and GLP-1 receptor agonist approved for type 2 diabetes and obesity.
The aggregation of the 42-residue form of the amyloid-β peptide (Aβ) is important in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Preclinical and clinical findings support that glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) can protect against neuroinflammation a…
BACKGROUND: Cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic (CKM) syndrome represents a progressive disease continuum linking metabolic risk factors with cardiovascular and kidney disease. Patients in early CKM stages (stages 1-2) represent a critical therapeutic wi…
Over the last decade, significant progress has been made in cardiorenal protection for metabolic diseases such as type 2 diabetes (T2D) and obesity. With an expanding range of pharmacological options and continuously evolving guidelines, glucagon-lik…
BACKGROUND: Qualitative interviews can supplement clinical trial results by providing in-depth insights into participant experiences. In the recent SURMOUNT-OSA (NCT05412004) phase III trials, tirzepatide demonstrated favorable efficacy and safety in…
Tirzepatide, a novel dual glucagon inhibitory peptide (GIP) and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist, is used in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and chronic weight management. There are no current case reports on tirzepa…
BACKGROUND: Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists are increasingly used for the management of diabetes and obesity. However, adverse effects beyond gastrointestinal symptoms remain incompletely characterized. CASE SUMMARY: A 73-year-old w…
OBJECTIVE: To identify and summarize the most impactful medical articles published in 2025 relevant to primary care. SELECTING THE EVIDENCE: The Patients, Experience, Evidence, Research (PEER) team, a Canadian evidence-based medicine research group w…
INTRODUCTION: Diabetes mellitus is the leading global cause of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and end-stage renal disease. Although cardiovascular outcomes have improved substantially, renal risk remains high. Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) receptor a…
Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH) is a progressive liver disease now targeted by new pharmacotherapies, including the thyroid hormone receptor beta (THR-β) agonist resmetirom, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists (s…
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a monogenic disorder leading to pulmonary disease, pancreatic insufficiency and cystic fibrosis-related diabetes (CFRD). Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) are now being investigated in people with cystic fib…
Several glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) have proven their ability to reduce major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) among at-risk patients living with type 2 diabetes (T2D). Tirzepatide, a dual GIP/GLP-1 receptor agonist, dem…
Obesity is a chronic, multifactorial condition strongly associated with increased cardiovascular and metabolic risk, as well as the development of systemic complications. Recent evidence from randomized controlled trials-including SELECT, STEP-HFpEF,…
INTRODUCTION: This study aimed to assess the efficacy and hypoglycemia safety of tirzepatide as an add-on to basal insulin in people with inadequate glycemic control, across subgroups of baseline age, type 2 diabetes (T2D) duration, HbA1c, and basal…
People living with type 1 diabetes have significantly increased cardiovascular risk compared with the general population. Traditional risk factors include hypertension, dyslipidaemia, and obesity. However, those with type 1 diabetes contend with trea…
Hypertension is one of the most important comorbidities of diabetes, significantly contributing to increased mortality and leading to macrovascular and microvascular complications. When assessing the medical priorities for patients with diabetes, tre…
Obesity is associated with increased risk of at least 13 adult cancer types and is the second most common cause of cancer (after tobacco) in many populations. Uncertainty about the extent to which intentional weight loss leads to reduced cancer risk…
INTRODUCTION: Excessive daytime sleepiness has traditionally been regarded as the hallmark symptom of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), yet nearly half of individuals with OSA do not report significant sleepiness. While treatments are well established f…
: Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists are increasingly prescribed for weight loss, but concerns remain regarding adverse events beyond gastrointestinal, renal, and pancreatic effects. Understanding these risks is essential to guide safe clinica…