Studies

In this narrative review we describe the recent updates regarding anti-obesity medications as of February 2025. We describe the physiologic mechanisms underpinning the development of hunger, satiation, and maintenance of satiety to address targets fo…

BACKGROUND: Lithium is a mainstay treatment for bipolar disorder, but its narrow therapeutic index and susceptibility to pharmacokinetic interactions make appropriate monitoring crucial. Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs), such as…

The aim of this study was to design a poorly water-soluble electrostatic nanocomplex of semaglutide (SMG) with protamine sulfate (PS) and zinc ions (Zn) for prolonged subcutaneous delivery. Complexation of SMG with the cationic peptide PS increased t…

Activated protein C (APC) exerts anticoagulant and cytoprotective cell signaling activities. APC's cell signaling requires protease-activated receptor (PAR) PAR1 and PAR3, and APC's PAR cleavages generate peptides capable of agonizing biased G-protei…

: Obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) have a continuously increasing prevalence and often co-exist, exacerbating cardiometabolic risk. GLP-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) are recommended as first-line therapy for patients with T2DM and excess…

Erectile dysfunction (ED) is a common yet frequently underrecognized microvascular complication of diabetes, affecting up to three out of four individuals. Key contributing factors include advancing age, long-standing disease duration, and suboptimal…

With the growing use of anti-obesity medications (AOMs), particularly glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists, interest in their impact on chemosensory function has increased. We report a case of subjective olfactory discomfort that develop…

Skeletal muscle is the largest insulin-sensitive tissue in the human body, playing a crucial role in glucose homeostasis, body mobility and overall metabolic health. In obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D), skeletal muscle undergoes structural, function…

: Acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) inhibitors block the initial step of de novo lipogenesis and potentially ameliorate liver pathology in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). However, increased expression of glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase 1 re…

Obesity is closely linked to metabolic dysfunction and systemic low-grade inflammation. Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RA) are increasingly utilized for obesity treatment due to their significant metabolic benefits, including weight…

The Farnesoid-X-receptor (FXR) is a bile sensor involved in the regulation of bile acid homeostasis, fibrosis, inflammation, and metabolism. Obeticholic acid (OCA), a semisynthetic derivative of chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA), initially named 6-ethyl-C…

Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is an endogenous hormone with receptors widely expressed across multiple organs. GLP-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs), primarily used for diabetes management, have demonstrated anti-inflammatory and antioxidant propertie…

INTRODUCTION: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), a major cardiovascular risk, is often associated with obesity and hypertension. Once-weekly subcutaneous semaglutide (OWS-Sema) can improve these conditions, but factors influencing blood pressure (BP) e…

Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH) is a progressive liver disease posing a major global health concern, closely related to the rising prevalence of obesity. Liver fibrosis is the primary determinant of adverse outcomes in MASH. T…

Obesity is rising among women of reproductive age and significantly contributes to subfertility. If conception occurs, maternal obesity is associated with increased risks for both maternal and neonatal complications, with potential long-term effects…

Agents targeting the glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) are effective in managing metabolic conditions associated with obesity, such as obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), and chroni…

BACKGROUND: Brown adipose tissue (BAT) is crucial for overall energy homeostasis as a thermogenic organ with high metabolic activity. While the recruitment of BAT contributes to improved glycemic and lipid homeostasis, the exact molecular mechanisms…