A dual GIP and GLP-1 receptor agonist approved for type 2 diabetes and obesity.
BACKGROUND: In the SURPASS-CVOT trial, tirzepatide, a dual incretin agonist that targets the glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptors, was shown to be non-inferior to dulaglutide for the primary composite car…
During 2025, endocrinology witnessed the expansion of pharmacotherapeutic options for type 2 diabetes (T2DM), obesity, and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH); increasing complexity of treatment algorithms, including choices for i…
Obesity is a chronic, highly prevalent disease affecting nearly one-third of the global population and represents a major independent risk factor for heart failure (HF), particularly heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). Excess adip…
INTRODUCTION: obesity is a chronic and relapsing disease. Tirzepatide, a dual GLP-1 and GIP receptor agonist, has demonstrated weight loss exceeding 20 % at higher doses. However, real-world data remain limited, particularly regarding body compositio…
Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is closely associated with obesity and metabolic dysfunction. Tirzepatide, a dual GLP-1 and GIP receptor agonist, has demonstrated superior efficacy for weight reduction and improved metabolic health compared w…
We report a case of interstitial nephritis, likely secondary to tirzepatide. A 66-year-old man with type 2 diabetes, stage 3b chronic kidney disease, and other metabolic comorbidities experienced a progressive decline in renal function. Serum creatin…
BACKGROUND: Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists are increasingly used for the management of diabetes and obesity. However, adverse effects beyond gastrointestinal symptoms remain incompletely characterized. CASE SUMMARY: A 73-year-old w…
Objective Tirzepatide, a dual glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist, has been shown to improve hepatic inflammation and steatosis in patients with type 2 diabetes. However, whether its…
BACKGROUND: Psoriasis (PsO) and psoriatic arthritis (PsA) are chronic immune-mediated diseases often associated with obesity, metabolic syndrome, and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs), initially developed…
BACKGROUND: Despite numerous milestones in Alzheimer's disease (AD) research, the disease remains incurable, with a high prevalence and significant financial burdens. As a result, researchers are keen to look for new medications that can help manage…
Hypertension is one of the most important comorbidities of diabetes, significantly contributing to increased mortality and leading to macrovascular and microvascular complications. When assessing the medical priorities for patients with diabetes, tre…
BACKGROUND: Obesity is a heterogeneous chronic disease in which eating behavior phenotypes may influence treatment response. Yet, anti-obesity medication (AOM) selection is still largely guided by anthropometric and metabolic parameters, with limited…
BACKGROUND: This study examines gastrointestinal adverse events (GIAEs) associated with tirzepatide using bibliometric and pharmacovigilance analyses. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: A bibliometric analysis of Web of Science data identified research tre…
Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) and dual glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP)/GLP-1 agents produce substantial, sustained weight loss primarily by suppressing appetite and lowering ad libitum energy intake. While fa…
Tirzepatide, a novel dual glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist, has attracted substantial attention for its exceptional efficacy in managing type 2 diabetes and obesity. Emerging evid…
BACKGROUND: Cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic (CKM) syndrome represents a progressive disease continuum linking metabolic risk factors with cardiovascular and kidney disease. Patients in early CKM stages (stages 1-2) represent a critical therapeutic wi…
(), a novel highly potent GLP-1/GIP dual agonist, was engineered via computational alanine scanning and rational acylation design. Nonacylated() showed stable receptor binding and higher affinity than nonacylatedin molecular dynamics simulations and…
BACKGROUND: Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1s) are increasingly used for glycemic control and weight loss, but their impact on surgical wound complications remains unclear. Some studies suggest GLP-1s reduce complications such as infe…