A dual GIP and GLP-1 receptor agonist approved for type 2 diabetes and obesity.
In 2024, a second brand of injectable semaglutide was marketed, authorized for the indication of weight loss, along with the first tirzepatide. Both are indicated as an adjunct to a low-calorie diet and increased physical activity for weight control,…
INTRODUCTION: Increased risk of suicidality has been reported in association with glucagon-like peptide receptor agonist (GLP-1 RA) prescription. Herein, we conducted a comprehensive review evaluating reports of GLP-1 RA prescription and suicidality.…
BACKGROUND: Male obesity-associated hypogonadism promotes a vicious cycle of sarcopenic obesity and increased cardiometabolic risk. Although tirzepatide is highly effective for weight loss, a subset of "late responders" has been reported, and treatme…
BACKGROUND: Obesity is a complex condition marked by excessive body fat, linked to comorbidities such as type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists, initially developed for diabetes, are increasingly…
Incretin therapy, utilizing glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists and dual receptor agonists, is a cornerstone of obesity management due to effects on appetite suppression, weight loss, and metabolic improvement. Liraglutide, semaglutide,…
Amiodarone is known to cause thyroid dysfunction, due to both direct cytotoxicity and high iodine content. Due to its lipophilic properties, amiodarone gets stored in the adipose tissue and may induce delayed amiodarone-induced thyrotoxicosis (AIT),…
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The rising global burden of type 2 diabetes mellitus, compounded by the expanding therapeutic landscape, has placed increasing pressure on health systems to generate robust evidence on the long-term value for money of newer…
OBJECTIVE: Two glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) (semaglutide and liraglutide) and one dual agonist (tirzepatide) are FDA-approved for weight loss in adults with obesity without type 2 diabetes mellitus. This systematic review and…
Obesity in women over 65 represents a growing clinical challenge, particularly due to its association with increased risks of cardiovascular disease, osteoarthritis, frailty, sleep-breathing disorders, and sarcopenia. The prevalence of obesity in thi…
BACKGROUND: Tirzepatide, a single-molecule dual glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP)/glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor (R) agonist, has shown superiority in the reduction of blood glucose and body weight, above selective GLP-1R a…
INTRODUCTION: For the last three decades, bariatric/metabolic surgeries have highlighted the relevance of certain gastrointestinal hormones in controlling and regulating glucose metabolism. The incretins have been a significant focus in developing th…
BACKGROUND: With the shortage of innovator semaglutide or tirzepatide products resolved, compounding pharmacies can only legally sell unique products. Unique products could have a different route of administration or dosing, or could include addition…
This study aimed to evaluate the real-world effectiveness and psychiatric safety of tirzepatide among adults with schizophrenia spectrum disorders, focusing on the risks of mortality, hospitalization, and suicidal behavior. Based on the electronic he…
Pharmacotherapy is a key component of obesity management, yet treatment failure remains a prevalent challenge in clinical practice. Such failure may present as insufficient pharmacological response, early discontinuation, or post-treatment weight reg…