A dual GIP and GLP-1 receptor agonist approved for type 2 diabetes and obesity.
Objective Tirzepatide, a dual glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist, has been shown to improve hepatic inflammation and steatosis in patients with type 2 diabetes. However, whether its…
Numerous reports have documented the incidence of euglycemic ketoacidosis as a complication of sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors. However, euglycemic ketoacidosis secondary to the use of glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (…
Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) are increasingly prescribed for type 2 diabetes in addition to other conditions such as obesity. As their use expands, understanding potential ocular safety signals is important, particularly in p…
INTRODUCTION: Water fasting involves completely abstaining from all caloric intake. Multiple studies have demonstrated that water fasting for up to 21 days is well-tolerated, but none focused on patients with severe obesity (body mass index ≥ 40) or…
This report describes a 53-year-old female individual with known arginine vasopressin deficiency (AVP-D) due to a recurrent Rathke cleft cyst (RCC), with asymptomatic severe hyponatremia (sodium 121 mEq/L [SI: 121 mmol/L]; reference range 135-145 mEq…
(), a novel highly potent GLP-1/GIP dual agonist, was engineered via computational alanine scanning and rational acylation design. Nonacylated() showed stable receptor binding and higher affinity than nonacylatedin molecular dynamics simulations and…
INTRODUCTION: obesity is a chronic and relapsing disease. Tirzepatide, a dual GLP-1 and GIP receptor agonist, has demonstrated weight loss exceeding 20 % at higher doses. However, real-world data remain limited, particularly regarding body compositio…
BACKGROUND: Psoriasis (PsO) and psoriatic arthritis (PsA) are chronic immune-mediated diseases often associated with obesity, metabolic syndrome, and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs), initially developed…
AIM: To evaluate the association between preconception glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1RA)/tirzepatide use and the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). METHODS: This retrospective cohort study (January 1, 2015-April 30, 2025) u…
PURPOSE: This study evaluated the cost-effectiveness (from the United States [US] societal perspective) of tirzepatide at its maximum-tolerated-dose (MTD) compared to semaglutide (MTD), both administered adjunct to a reduced-calorie diet and increase…
The year 2025 represented a turning point in metabolic research, marked by advances that combined unprecedented clinical efficacy with deep mechanistic insight. Landmark obesity trials redefined therapeutic expectations, with head-to-head and combina…
BACKGROUND: In the SURPASS-CVOT trial, tirzepatide, a dual incretin agonist that targets the glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptors, was shown to be non-inferior to dulaglutide for the primary composite car…
IMPORTANCE: Overweight and obesity affect 60% to 78% of patients with psoriasis, affecting disease severity, treatment response, and clinical outcomes. However, no large, randomized, active-controlled clinical trial has evaluated a treatment strategy…
BACKGROUND: Cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic (CKM) syndrome represents a progressive disease continuum linking metabolic risk factors with cardiovascular and kidney disease. Patients in early CKM stages (stages 1-2) represent a critical therapeutic wi…
BACKGROUND: Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1s) are increasingly used for glycemic control and weight loss, but their impact on surgical wound complications remains unclear. Some studies suggest GLP-1s reduce complications such as infe…
Obesity is a chronic, highly prevalent disease affecting nearly one-third of the global population and represents a major independent risk factor for heart failure (HF), particularly heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). Excess adip…
BACKGROUND: Sepsis-associated acute lung injury (ALI) is characterized by unregulated systemic inflammation, disruption of the redox balance, and impaired pulmonary function. Tirzepatide, a synthetic dual GLP-1 and GIP receptor agonist possessing ant…
OBJECTIVE: The authors evaluated whether glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1-RAs) improve outcomes in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH), spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (sICH), and acute ischemic stroke (AIS) a…