A dual GIP and GLP-1 receptor agonist approved for type 2 diabetes and obesity.
Background Tirzepatide, a dual glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist, has demonstrated substantial efficacy in reducing body weight and improving glycemic control in randomized trials;…
BACKGROUND: Menstrual health is a critical marker of physiological and psychological well-being in adolescents. While undernutrition and energy deficiency are well-known causes of menstrual disruption through hypothalamic hypogonadal suppression, the…
GLP-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1RA) discontinuation has been associated with weight regain. However, weight trajectories following the last documented GLP-1RA prescription in the real-world clinical setting have not been explored. Here, we assessed weig…
Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is closely associated with obesity and metabolic dysfunction. Tirzepatide, a dual GLP-1 and GIP receptor agonist, has demonstrated superior efficacy for weight reduction and improved metabolic health compared w…
AIMS: Evidence on cardiovascular/renal outcomes associated with GLP-1-based therapies in type 1 diabetes (T1D) is limited. We examined the effects of GLP-1-based therapy on major clinical outcomes and safety, including diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) and…
BACKGROUND: Tirzepatide, a dual GIP/GLP-1 receptor agonist, offers a novel cardiometabolic strategy beyond glycemic control with important implications for heart failure care. By producing potent, sustained weight reduction and favourable changes in…
BACKGROUND: Cocaine use disorder (CUD) remains among the most treatment-resistant addictions, characterised by high relapse rates even following extended abstinence periods. Dopamine signalling in mesocorticolimbic circuits contributes to cocaine's r…
Tirzepatide,a dual GLP-1 and GIP receptor agonist, is increasingly used for weight management in both patients with diabetes and patients without diabetes. While gastrointestinal side effects such as nausea are common, severe metabolic complications…
PURPOSE: The Inflation Reduction Act (IRA) introduced significant reforms to Medicare Part D in 2025, aiming to reduce medication costs for beneficiaries by eliminating the coverage gap ("donut hole") with a $2,000 annual out-of-pocket cap. However,…
INTRODUCTION: This study aimed to assess the efficacy and hypoglycemia safety of tirzepatide as an add-on to basal insulin in people with inadequate glycemic control, across subgroups of baseline age, type 2 diabetes (T2D) duration, HbA1c, and basal…
BACKGROUND: Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists, originally developed for managing type 2 diabetes, have gained attention for their weight-reducing and broader biological effects. Among these, their influence on human mesenchymal stem cells rem…
Objective Tirzepatide, a dual glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist, has been shown to improve hepatic inflammation and steatosis in patients with type 2 diabetes. However, whether its…
Numerous reports have documented the incidence of euglycemic ketoacidosis as a complication of sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors. However, euglycemic ketoacidosis secondary to the use of glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (…
AIMS: Evidence suggests sodium glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists may reduce the onset/progression of dementia. The effect of the dual GLP1/GIP receptor agonist tirzepatide on dementia outcomes remains u…
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Tirzepatide (TZP), a dual glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist, induces substantial weight loss in patients with obesity; however, pharmacologically induced weight reduction…
BACKGROUND: Tirzepatide, a dual glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1 RA), has demonstrated significant efficacy in weight reduction and glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabete…
BACKGROUND: Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) and dual GIP/GLP-1 RAs are widely used to manage obesity, prediabetes and type 2 diabetes, typically in combination with lifestyle interventions. Their nutritional implications, howeve…
RATIONALE: Previous studies have shown that glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) agonists and dual GLP-1/glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP) agonists (tirzepatide) reduced severity of sleep apnea. However, whether these medications impact incid…
AIMS: Targeting the glucose dependent insulinotropic polypeptide receptor (GIPR) is of growing interest for treating type 2 diabetes and obesity, though the optimal approach remains unclear. Both GIPR agonism and antagonism, respectively, incorporate…
Incretin therapy, utilizing glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists and dual receptor agonists, is a cornerstone of obesity management due to effects on appetite suppression, weight loss, and metabolic improvement. Liraglutide, semaglutide,…