Insights into the Mechanism of Action of Tirzepatide: A Narrative Review.

Tirzepatide is the first dual long-acting glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide receptor and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist indicated for the treatment of type 2 diabetes in adults, for reducing excess body weight and maintaining long-term weight reduction in adults with obesity or overweight and at least one weight-related comorbid condition, and for treating obstructive sleep apnea in adults with obesity. Recent studies found beneficial effects on heart failure with preserved ejection fraction and on metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis; its effects on cardiovascular outcomes in people with type 2 diabetes, as well as on reducing morbidity and mortality in people with obesity/overweight, remain under investigation. Here, we review the mechanistic activity of tirzepatide and its effect on glycemic control, body weight, the cardiorenal system, and lipid metabolism.