Studies

BACKGROUND: Oral semaglutide is a novel tablet containing the human glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP‑1) analogue semaglutide, co-formulated with the absorption enhancer sodium N-(8-[2-hydroxybenzoyl] amino) caprylate (SNAC). The safety and pharmacokineti…

BACKGROUND: Based on reported results of three large cardiovascular outcome trials (CVOTs) of glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs), we aimed to investigate the overall effect of GLP-1 RAs on major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs…

Three further cardiovascular (CV) outcome studies of glucose-lowering drugs (linagliptin, albiglutide and dapagliflozin) have recently been published, adding to the twelve earlier within-class studies. The linagliptin study (CARMELINA) recruited peop…

An excess risk of heart failure (HF) persists in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) despite optimal control of an array of conventional risk factors, including hyperglycaemia. Twelve cardiovascular outcome trials (CVOTs) have been published to date,…

In individuals with type 2 diabetes, glycaemic control and cardiovascular risk factor management reduces the likelihood of late-stage diabetic complications. Guidelines recommend treatment goals targeting HbA, body weight, blood pressure, and low-den…

This article reviews seven drugs recently approved by the FDA, including indications, precautions, adverse reactions, and nursing considerations.

Dypeptidylpeptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors are a therapeutic option for improving glucose control in patients with type 2 diabetes. They can be prescribed at different stages of the natural history of the disease because of their low risk for hypoglyce…

Exenatide once weekly (QW) is a glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonist (GLP-1RA) that was approved in 2012 in Europe and the U.S.A. for the treatment of type 2 diabetes (T2D). Areas covered: This review provides an overview of the safety and effica…

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurological motor control disorder. A key feature is the loss of midbrain dopaminergic neurons and the accumulation of aggregated alpha-synuclein (α-syn). No current treatment is on the market that slows or…

Diabetes mellitus is a major risk factor for cardiovascular (CV) disease. Conversely, CV disease is responsible for a majority of the deaths in patients with diabetes. Many drug trials have concentrated on blood glucose (hemoglobin A) reduction. This…

Semaglutide is a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1 RA) with a long elimination half-life, allowing subcutaneous (sc) administration once per week. Both the European Medicines Agency (EMA) and the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) recen…

Salcaprozate sodium (SNAC) and sodium caprate (C) are two of the most advanced intestinal permeation enhancers (PEs) that have been tested in clinical trials for oral delivery of macromolecules. Their effects on intestinal epithelia were studied for…

INTRODUCTION: The aim of the present analysis was to characterise the absorption, distribution and elimination of semaglutide by means of population pharmacokinetic (PK) models using data from nine clinical pharmacology trials conducted in both healt…

Multipronged risk management in diabetes has contributed to the recent decline in cardiovascular mortality. Few antihyperglycemic drugs have been conclusively shown to have cardioprotective effects. These include metformin, liraglutide, semaglutide,…

BACKGROUND: Semaglutide is a once-weekly glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) analogue for type 2 diabetes. Few clinical trials have reported on the concomitant use of GLP-1 receptor agonists with sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors. We aim…