A dual GIP and GLP-1 receptor agonist approved for type 2 diabetes and obesity.
GLP1 agonists are the emerging fourth pillar of nephroprotection in type 2 diabetes (T2D), alongside renin-angiotensin system blockers, sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors, and finerenone (a non-steroidal mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist).…
BACKGROUND: Recent trends in use of tirzepatide, a dual glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide receptor agonist (RA), versus other glucose-lowering medications (GLMs) and weight-lowering medications (WLMs) re…
Tirzepatide, an injectable agonist of glucagon-like peptide 1 and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide receptors, is used to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus and obesity. To our knowledge, there have been few reported cases of drug-induced live…
The global prevalence of early-onset type 2 diabetes (EOT2D) is rising rapidly. Adults with EOT2D represent a high-risk population characterised by increased rates of microvascular and macrovascular complications, adverse psychological wellbeing and…
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: Early worsening of diabetic retinopathy (EWDR) has been described during treatment with glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists including subcutaneous semaglutide. Whether EWDR occurs after initiating treatment with the potent gluc…
AIMS: To compare the association of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RA), sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2i), and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (DPP-4i) therapies on lower extremity vascular complications and mortal…
INTRODUCTION: Tirzepatide is a once-weekly dual agonist, acting on glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) receptors. It is approved at the same doses (5, 10 and 15 mg) for both type 2 diabetes (T2D) and…
A one-step mono-esterification method for long-chain dicarboxylic fatty acids [HOC(CH)COH;≥ 14] was developed using TFAA (trifluoroacetic anhydride) and LiCl as esterification reagents. This approach was particularly effective for synthesizing mono-b…
Injectable antiobesity medications (AOMs), including liraglutide, semaglutide, and tirzepatide, have demonstrated significant efficacy in promoting weight loss and improving glycemic control. However, the extent to which diet and food intake and rela…
Activated protein C (APC) exerts anticoagulant and cytoprotective cell signaling activities. APC's cell signaling requires protease-activated receptor (PAR) PAR1 and PAR3, and APC's PAR cleavages generate peptides capable of agonizing biased G-protei…
Incretin hormones, including glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP), play pivotal roles in glucose homeostasis and metabolic regulation. Therapeutic incretin receptor agonists (RAs), such as tirzepatide…
AIMS: This indirect treatment comparison (ITC) compared the efficacy and safety of tirzepatide with semaglutide for managing obesity or overweight in participants with type 2 diabetes (T2D), informed by the pivotal trials SURMOUNT-2 and STEP 2. MATER…
Heart failure (HF) and atherosclerosis represent two major cardiovascular diseases that are intricately linked, both contributing significantly to global morbidity, mortality, and healthcare burden. Despite substantial progress in diagnostic methods…
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the risk of biliary diseases in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) or obesity treated with tirzepatide. METHODS: Literature searches were performed using the PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and CNKI data…
Therapeutic innovation in cardiovascular medicine is rapidly overcoming the limitations of conventional strategies, providing more targeted, durable, and multidimensional solutions. Key advances include next-generation lipid-lowering agents such as P…
BACKGROUND: This study evaluated the real-world impact of incretin-based obesity medications Semaglutide and Tirzepatide on body composition in people with obesity. The primary outcomes included changes in weight, waist circumference, skeletal muscle…
AIMS: We investigated changes in eating behavior associated with the administration of tirzepatide and evaluated any changes in diet-related QOL due to tirzepatide. METHODS: The study included 60 outpatients with type 2 diabetes mellitus who had been…
BACKGROUND: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a common condition characterized by repeated airway collapse during sleep, leading to breathing interruptions. OSA increases the risk of developing hypertension, heart disease, stroke, and respiratory comp…