A dual GIP and GLP-1 receptor agonist approved for type 2 diabetes and obesity.
The development of scalable and efficient manufacturing of high-volume complex synthetic peptides and proteins, like tirzepatide (TZP, 1), faces major hurdles due to the limitations of traditional Solid Phase Peptide Synthesis (SPPS) and Liquid Phase…
BACKGROUND: Abdominoplasty in patients with obesity carries a heightened risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) due to a proinflammatory and hypercoagulable baseline. Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) are increasingly used for weigh…
Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), recently redefined from non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), highlights the central role of metabolic dysfunction in its pathophysiology. The L-α-lysophosphatidylinositol/G protein-c…
OBJECTIVE: This debate paper aims to examine the effects of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs), whose use in obesity and diabetes management has rapidly expanded, on fertility, contraceptive efficacy, and pregnancy outcomes in repr…
BACKGROUND: The advent of tirzepatide has transformed obesity care; yet, real-world weight loss outcomes necessarily depend on patient engagement with behavioral support. Digital platforms offering coaching, self-monitoring, and automated feedback ha…
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Little is known about glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP1RAs) use in multiple sclerosis. We described the frequency and characteristics associated with use. METHODS: A cross-sectional survey of NARCOMS Registry…
OBJECTIVES: To assess longterm weight and comorbidity outcomes following bariatric surgery at a publicly funded obesity service. DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS: Cohort of 203 individuals who underwent bariatric surgery b…
Heart failure (HF) is associated with high morbidity and mortality. HF with preserved left ventricular ejection fraction (HF-pEF) accounts for up to 50% of all HF cases, being the most common in elderly patients. In addition, these subjects frequentl…
INTRODUCTION: Obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (Type 2 DM) are rising at an alarming rate among children and adolescents. This population often exhibits suboptimal glycemic control and diabetes-related complications. Glucagon-like peptide-1 recep…
AIM: To evaluate the effects of tirzepatide on physical function in adults with overweight or obesity. METHODS: We searched PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library up to July 20, 2025 for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing once-weekly tir…
BACKGROUND: Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists are a key pharmacological target in obesity management, associated with sustained weight loss and broader metabolic benefits beyond glycaemic control. OBJECTIVE: To analyse the characteris…
BACKGROUND: The use of online and/or compounding pharmacies to access glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) increases the risk for prescription error (e.g. accidental overdose) especially in racial, ethnic, and socioeconomic disadvant…
Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is a highly prevalent condition and a leading cause of chronic liver disease worldwide. Several pharmacological agents are currently used in its clinical management. This meta-analysis…
BACKGROUND: Despite the clinical efficacy of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) for weight loss, real-world persistence remains substantially lower than seen in clinical trials. Since 2021, GLP-1RA shortages and changes in product a…
AIM: Metabolic liver disease, including nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, is a major cause of chronic liver dysfunction worldwide, creating an urgent need for effective treatments. This systematic literature r…
Tirzepatide is well known for its glucose-lowering and weight-reducing effects, primarily through central appetite suppression. However, its direct role in promoting white adipose tissue (WAT) browning and the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. We…
Chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) is a mast cell-driven disease that affects approximately 1% of the population. Second-generation non-sedating H-antihistamines (H1AH) are considered the first-line treatment; however, a substantial proportion of pa…
Tirzepatide is a novel dual glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist approved for the treatment of type-2 diabetes and for weight management. While generally well-tolerated, common advers…