A synthetic peptide fragment of thymosin beta-4, researched for wound healing and tissue repair.
Microbial keratitis is a rapidly progressing, visually debilitating infection of the cornea that can lead to corneal scarring, endophthalmitis, and perforation. Corneal opacification or scarring, a complication of keratitis, is among the leading caus…
Biochemical studies of human actin and its binding partners rely heavily on abundant and easily purified α-actin from skeletal muscle. Therefore, muscle actin has been used to evaluate and determine the activities of most actin regulatory proteins bu…
BACKGROUND: Malnutrition-inflammation-atherosclerosis (MIA) syndrome may worsen the prognosis of peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients. Serum thymosin β4 (sTβ4) protects against inflammation, fibrosis and cardiac dysfunction. OBJECTIVES: The present stud…
Prion protein peptide (PrP) has demonstrated neurotoxicity in brain cells, resulting in the progression of prion diseases with spongiform degenerative, amyloidogenic, and aggregative properties. Thymosin beta 4 (Tβ) plays a role in the nervous system…
Diseases affecting the glomerulus, the filtration unit of the kidney, are a major cause of chronic kidney disease. Glomerular disease is characterised by injury of glomerular cells and is often accompanied by an inflammatory response that drives dise…
Wound healing involves a rapid response to the injury by circulating cells, followed by inflammation with an influx of inflammatory cells that release various factors. Soon after, cellular proliferation begins to replace the damaged cells and extrace…
Hepatic sinusoidal obstruction syndrome (HSOS) is a life-threatening complication that may occur after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Hepatic sinusoidal endothelial cell (HSEC) injury and liver fibrosis are key mechanisms of HSOS. Th…
Liver fibrosis is a grievous global challenge, where hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) activation is a paramount step. This study analyzed the mechanism of Tβ4 in ameliorating liver fibrosis via the MAPK/NF-κB pathway. The liver fibrosis mouse models wer…
Tight manipulation of the initial leukocytes infiltration and macrophages plasticity toward the M2 phenotype remain a challenge for diabetic wound healing. Inspired by the platelet function and platelet-macrophage interaction, a platelet-anchored pol…
BACKGROUND: Parotoid gland secretion of bufonid toads is a rich source of toxic molecules that are used against predators, parasites and pathogens. Bufadienolides and biogenic amines are the principal compounds responsible for toxicity of parotoid se…
Liver fibrosis is the most common feature of liver disease, and activated hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) are the main contributors to liver fibrosis. Thus, finding key targets that modulate HSC activation is important to prevent liver fibrosis. Previo…
Thymosin β4 (Tβ4) was reported to exert various beneficial bioactivities such as tissue repair, anti-inflammation, and reduced scar formation, and it is listed on the prohibited substances in sports by the World Anti-Doping Agency. However, no metabo…
PURPOSE: We investigated the therapeutic effect of recombinant thymosin β4 (rTβ4) on rabbit autoimmune dacryoadenitis, an animal model of SS dry eye, and explore its mechanisms. METHODS: Rabbits were treated topically with rTβ4 or PBS solution after…
War veterans, in particular, are more prone to mental illness as they are more likely to have encountered multiple traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) whilst serving on active duty in war zone areas. A TBI is known to cause mortality or serious neurologi…
Recent studies have demonstrated the critical role of cardiac-resident macrophages (cMacs) in the maintenance of physiological homeostasis. However, recruitment of circulating monocyte-derived macrophages decreases cMac levels post-myocardial infarct…
Ideal titanium implants are required to participate in bone repair actively to improve in situ osteointegration. However, the traditional surface functionalization methods of titanium implants are difficult to both achieve the active regulation and l…
Plasma ultrafiltration in the kidney occurs across glomerular capillaries, which are surrounded by epithelial cells called podocytes. Podocytes have a unique shape maintained by a complex cytoskeleton, which becomes disrupted in glomerular disease re…
BACKGROUND: Thymosin beta 4 × (Tmsb4x) has been highlighted as an important regulator in immune and inflammation responses. Promoted differentiation of mononuclear cells into dendritic cells (DCs) exert a beneficial effect on septicemia. Herein, we i…
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the role and mechanism of thymosin beta 4 (Tβ4) in oxidative stress injury of spinal cord-derived neural stem/progenitor cells (NSPCs) induced by hydrogen peroxide (HO). METHODS: NSPCs were isolated from Sprague-Dawley (SD)…
BACKGROUND: Inflammation is a critical factor in the development and progression of myocardial infarction and cardiac fibrosis. Thymosin4 (T4) alleviates the disease process via protective antioxidant and anti-inflammatory mechanisms. Although T4 has…