This study demonstrated that thymosin alpha-1 and hybrid proteins combining TNF-α with thymosin alpha-1 enhance vaccination efficacy against plague (Y. pestis). The hybrid protein T-TNF-T showed the highest and most reproducible immunostimulating effect, improving specific immunity in both mice and guinea pigs when administered at different stages of vaccination. The enhanced immunity was associated with T-cell activation. Recombinant thymosin alpha-1 also helped restore immune function in mice exposed to sublethal gamma radiation.
Shmelev, V A; Grigor'ev, B V; Mozharova, T I; Popov, S G