Beyond weight loss: tirzepatide as a dual GIP/GLP-1 receptor agonist for obstructive sleep apnea.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: This review summarizes emerging evidence on the use of the dual glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP)/glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist (RA) tirzepatide in improving obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) outcomes in individuals with obesity. RECENT FINDINGS: Tirzepatide has demonstrated significant reductions in apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) among patients with OSA and coexisting obesity. It has recently become the first medication approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) specifically for moderate-to-severe OSA in adults with obesity. In addition to weight loss, tirzepatide has been associated with reduced cardiovascular, hepatic, and renal events, suggesting broader systemic benefits. SUMMARY: As a dual GIP/GLP-1 RA, tirzepatide represents a promising therapy for OSA in individuals with obesity, offering benefits of both weight reduction and symptom improvement. Given the high burden and underdiagnosis of OSA, particularly in populations with obesity, it should be considered earlier in the treatment algorithm, either in combination with or as an alternative to traditional therapies.