BACKGROUND: obesity affects many patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Glucagon-like peptide (GLP)-1 agonists are a promising therapy for obese patients. However, there is a lack of evidence of the use of these drugs in IBD patients. This study investigated the effectiveness and safety of GLP-1 agonists in a cohort of obese patients with IBD.
METHODS: a retrospective series of cases of consecutive IBD patients who received GLP-1 agonists indicated to treat obesity between 2019 and 2021 was analyzed. The GLP-1 agonists included were semaglutide 1.0 mg or liraglutide 3.0 mg. The coprimary endpoints were the percentage of change in body weight from baseline to six months and a weight reduction of 5 % or more at six months. In addition, the safety profile of GLP-1 agonist therapy and its impact on the IBD course were reviewed.
RESULTS: sixteen obese patients with IBD (nine with Crohn's disease [CD] and seven with ulcerative colitis [UC]) were included in the study. The median body mass index at baseline was 35 (32-37). The percentage of change in body weight was -6.2 % (-3.4-[-8.5]) at six months, and a 5 % or more weight reduction was achieved in 58.3 % (7/12) of patients at six months. The most common side effect was nausea (13.3 %), and one patient withdrew due to diarrhea. IBD activity score did not change significantly during follow-up.
CONCLUSION: our results showed that GLP-1 agonists were effective and had a good safety profile in IBD patients. Most adverse effects were mild, and the IBD activity had no significant changes.