A comprehensive review of BPC 157's pharmacological properties, covering GI, pancreatic, liver, endothelial, and cardiac protection; wound and fracture healing; acute and chronic inflammation; and interactions with dopamine, NO, prostaglandin, and somatosensory neuron systems. Proposes BPC 157 as an essential physiological defense system—a peptidergic organoprotective network capable of counteracting both system over-activation and inhibition. Frames BPC 157 as a universal cytoprotective mediator rather than a single-target drug, providing the theoretical basis for its diverse therapeutic applications.
Sikiric, P